Modules

Overview
Cronos utilizes Ethermint and the Tendermint Core consensus engine underneath. Specifically, the Cosmos SDK is a framework that facilitates the development of secure state-machines on top of Tendermint. In particular, we utilize different SDK modules to facilitate the special features of Cronos.
In this documentation, we will be focusing on some of the important modules we used, for example:
​Bank - Token transfer functionalities and query support for the total supply of all assets;
​Distribution - Fee distribution, and staking rewards to the validators and delegator;
​Governance - On-chain proposals and voting;
​Mint - Creation of new units of staking token;
​Slashing - Validator punishment mechanisms;
​Staking - Proof-of-Stake layer for public blockchains;
bank
Introduction
The bank module maintains the state of two primary objects:
Account balances by address;
Total supply of tokens of the chain
bank module tracks and provides query support for the total supply of all assets used in the application. It also supports token transfer functionalities. Specifically, the total supply is updated whenever a token is:
Minted, e.g. Token created by the mint module; or
Burned, e.g. Token distorted by the slashing module.
Transactions and Queries
Transactions
tx bank send [from_key_or_address] [to_address] [amount] [network_id] - Send Funds
You can transfer of tokens between to a designated address by the tx bank send command. For example, we can send 1 basetcro from address_a to address_b by
$ cronosd tx bank send <address_a> <address_b> 1basetcro --keyring-backend test --chain-id <chain-id>
​
## Transaction payload##
{"body":{"messages":[{"@type":"/cosmos.bank.v1beta1.MsgSend","from_address":<address a>,"to_address":<address b>,"amount":[{"denom":"basetcro","amount":"1"}]}],"memo":"","timeout_height":"0","extension_options":[],"non_critical_extension_options":[]},"auth_info":{"signer_infos":[],"fee":{"amount":[],"gas_limit":"200000","payer":"","granter":""}},"signatures":[]}
​
confirm transaction before signing and broadcasting [y/N]: y
Queries
query bank balances [address] - Check the balance of a specified account
One can check the current balance of a specified account by:
$ cronosd query bank balances <address> --output json | jq
    {
    "balances": [
        {
        "denom": "basetcro",
        "amount": "[token_balance]"
        }
    ],
    "pagination": {
        "next_key": null,
        "total": "0"
    }
    }
query bank total - Check the total supply of the token
You can also check the current total supply of the token by:
$ cronosd query bank total --output json | jq
    {
    "supply": [
        {
        "denom": "basetcro",
        "amount": "[total_supply_amount]"
        }
    ]
    }
Appendix
bank module: Network Parameters and configuration
Key
Type
Example
SendEnabled
[]SendEnabled
[{denom: "basetcro", enabled: true }]
DefaultSendEnabled
bool
true
distribution
Introduction
The distribution module is responsible for the distribution of rewards to the validators and delegators.
Overview
Network Parameters
Below are all the network parameters for the distribution module:
community_tax - The rate of community tax;
base_proposer_reward - Base bonus on transaction fees collected in a valid block;
bonus_proposer_reward - Maximum bonus on transaction fees collected in a valid block;
withdraw_addr_enabled - Whether delegators can set a different address to withdraw their rewards.
Rewards
There are two main types of rewards
Block rewards, governed by the mint module; and
​Transaction fees bonus.
Block reward
Block rewards are distributed proportionally to all validators relative to their voting power. This means that even though each validator gains cro with each reward, all validators will maintain equal weight over time.
For the validator operator, the distribution information is updated if:
the amount of delegation to a validator is updated (delegation, unbond, slashing etc.);
a validator successfully proposes a block and receives the reward;
any delegator withdraws from a validator, or
the validator withdraws it's commission.
For delegators, once they have delegated to a validator, they will be entitled to a portion of the total reward obtained by the validators. The reward is proportional to their delegated amount, and the commission charged by the validator operator (if any).
Transaction Fees Bonus
When a validator is selected to propose the next block, they must include at least 66% precommits of the previous block. To incentivise validators to include more than 66% precommits, the module provide a bonus reward (portion of the transaction fee in the block) to the proposer.
This bonus reward is dependent linearly on the precommits from the other validators. Stating from 66% of the precommits, the basic bonus will be base_proposer_reward and increase linearly to bonus_proposer_reward when the validator includes 100% of the precommits.
This mechanism aims to incentivize non-empty block proposals, better networking between validators as well as to mitigate censorship. For further example, kindly refers to this link.
Community tax
The community_tax is the tax rate to the reward obtained by the validator. Specifically, part of the reward will be taxed and send to the community pool. The funds in the community pool can be withdrawn by submitting a community pool spend proposal with the gov module.
Even if the community_tax is set to be zero, the balance of the community pool could be non-zero. For example, the truncated remainder in some accounting edge cases will be sent to the community pool as well. Besides that, users can fund the community pool voluntary, and there could be funds allocated to the community pool in the genesis.
Transactions and Queries
Transactions
tx distribution withdraw-all-rewards - Withdraw all delegations rewards for a delegator
Delegator can withdraw their reward(s) from the validator(s) that they have delegated all at once.
tx distribution withdraw-rewards [validator-addr] - Withdraw rewards from a given validator address
Delegator can withdraw their reward from a specific validator.
:::tip Remark: Validator operation can withdraw the commission in addition to the rewards by adding the commission flag --commission. :::
tx distribution set-withdraw-addr [withdraw-addr] - Change the default withdraw address for rewards associated with an address
Delegator can set a different address to withdraw their rewards.
tx distribution fund-community-pool [amount] - Funds the community pool with the specified amount
Users can make a contribution to the community pool with a specific amount.
Queries
query distribution commission [validator] - Query distribution validator commission
We can check the commission of a specific validator.
query distribution community-pool - Query the amount of coins in the community pool
We can check the balance of the community pool.
query distribution rewards [delegator-addr] [validator-addr] - Query all distribution delegator rewards or rewards from a particular validator
we can check the current rewards for a delegation on a specific validator.
query distribution slashes [validator] [start-height] [end-height] - Query distribution validator slashes
We can check the history of slashing event of a validator.
query distribution validator-outstanding-rewards [validator] - Query distribution outstanding rewards for a validator and all their delegations
We can check distribution outstanding (un-withdrawn) rewards for a validator and all of their delegations.
query distribution params - Query the current distribution parameters
We can query the current distribution parameters by
$ cronosd query distribution params --output json | jq
​
  {
    "community_tax": "0.000000000000000000",
    "base_proposer_reward": "0.010000000000000000",
    "bonus_proposer_reward": "0.040000000000000000",
    "withdraw_addr_enabled": true
  }
Appendix
distribution module: Network Parameters and configuration
The following tables show overall effects on different configurations of the distribution related network parameters:
​
community_tax
base_proposer_reward
bonus_proposer_reward
Type
string (dec)
string (dec)
string (dec)
Higher
More reward will goes into the community pool
Higher basic transaction fees bonus for the proposer
Easier for a proposal to be passed
Lower
Less reward will goes into the community pool
Lower basic transaction fees bonus for the proposer
Harder for a proposal to be passed
Constraints
Value has to be less or equal to 1
Value has to be less or equal to 1
Value has to be less or equal to 1
Sample configuration
0 (0%)
0.01 (1%)
0.04 (4%)
gov
Introduction
The gov module enables on-chain governance which allows Cronos token holder to participate in the decision-making processes. For example, users can:
Form an idea and seek the feedback;
Create the proposal and adjust according to feedback as needed;
Submit a proposal along with an initial deposit;
Deposit tokens and fund an active proposal;
Vote for an active proposal.
The details about the governance proposal process are available on The Proposal Process page.
Overview
Network parameters
Below are all the network parameters for the gov module:
deposit_params - Deposit related parameters:
min_deposit: Minimum deposit for a proposal to enter voting period; and
max_deposit_period: Maximum period for Cro holders to deposit on a proposal.
voting_params - Voting related parameters
voting_period: The length of the voting period.
tally_params - Tally related parameters
quorum: The minimum percentage of voting power that needs to be casted on a proposal for the result to be valid;
threshold: Minimum proportion of Yes votes (excluding Abstain votes) for the proposal to be accepted; and
veto: Minimum proportion of Veto votes to total votes ratio for proposal to be vetoed.
The Governance Procedure
Phase 0 - Submit a proposal along with an initial deposit:
Users can submit a proposal with an initial deposit. The proposal will then become "active" and entre the deposit period.
Phase 1 - Deposit period
During the deposit period, users can deposit and support an active proposal. Once the deposit of the proposal reached min_deposit, it will enter the voting period. Otherwise, if the proposal is not successfully funded within max_deposit_period, It will become inactive and all the deposit will be refunded.
Phase 2 - Voting period
During the voting period, staked (bonded) token will be able to participate in the voting. Users can choose one of the following option: "yes", "no", "no_with_veto" and "abstain"
After the voting_period has passed, there are several scenarios that a proposal will consider to be "Rejected", for example, if
No one votes (everyone "abstain");
Votes did not reach the quorum;
More than veto of voters vote for "no_with_veto";
More than threshold that non-abstaining voters vote "no".
Otherwise, the proposal will be accepted and changes will be implemented according to the proposal.
Transactions and Queries
Transactions
tx gov submit-proposal - Submit a proposal along with an initial deposit
Submit a parameter change proposal - param-change [proposal-file]
Users can submit a proposal to modify network parameters during run time, Here is a demon proposal if we would like to change the parameter MaxValidators (maximum number of validator) in the staking module,
{
  "title": "Staking Param Change",
  "description": "Update max validators",
  "changes": [
    {
      "subspace": "staking",
      "key": "MaxValidators",
      "value": 151
    }
  ]
}
Submit a community pool spend proposal - community-pool-spend [proposal-file]
Users can submit a proposal and request funds from the community pool to support their projects or other usages.
Submit a software upgrade proposal- software-upgrade [name] (--upgrade-height [height] | --upgrade-time [time]) (--upgrade-info [info])
Users can submit an upgrade proposal and suggest a software upgrade at a specific block height.
Cancel the current software upgrade proposal - cancel-software-upgrade
On the other hand, users can submit a proposal to cancel the planned software upgrade.
tx gov deposit [proposal-id] [deposit] - Deposit tokens for an active proposal
Users can submit a deposit transaction to fund and support an active proposal.
tx gov vote [proposal-id] [option] - Vote for an active proposal
Users can vote for an active proposal. Valid value of "option" field can be "yes", "no", "no_with_veto" and "abstain".
Queries
query gov proposals [proposal-id] - Query proposals with optional filters
We can check the proposal with optional filters by:
$ cronosd query gov proposals -o json | jq
In the above example, there is only one proposal with "proposal_id": "1", with the title: "Staking Param Change" that change the MaxValidators parameter of the staking module to 151. We can also see that the status of the proposal is "PROPOSAL_STATUS_PASSED", which means that this proposal has bee passed.
query gov proposal [proposal-id] Query details of a single proposal
Similarly, we can check the details of a proposal with a given "proposal_id".
query gov tally [proposal-id] Get the tally of a proposal vote
We can also the tally of a proposal with a given "proposal_id".
query gov params - Query the current gov parameters
We can query the current gov parameters by
$ cronosd query gov params --output json | jq
​
  {
    "voting_params": {
      "voting_period": "43200000000000"
    },
    "tally_params": {
      "quorum": "0.334000000000000000",
      "threshold": "0.500000000000000000",
      "veto_threshold": "0.334000000000000000"
    },
    "deposit_params": {
      "min_deposit": [
        {
          "denom": "basetcro",
          "amount": "10000000"
        }
      ],
      "max_deposit_period": "43200000000000"
    }
  }
Appendix
gov module: Network Parameters and configuration
The following tables show overall effects on different configurations of the gov related network parameters:
​
min_deposit
max_deposit_period
voting_period
Type
array (coins)
string (time ns)
string (time ns)
Higher
Larger window for calculating the downtime
Longer deposit period
Longer voting period
Lower
Smaller window for calculating the downtime
Shorter deposit period
Shorter voting period
Constraints
Value has to be a positive integer
Value has to be positive
Value has to be positive
Sample configuration
100000 (100000 cro)
1209600000000000 (2 weeks)
1209600000000000 (2 weeks)
​
quorum
threshold
veto
Type
string (dec)
string (dec)
string (dec)
Higher
Easier for a proposal to be passed
Easier for a proposal to be passed
Easier for a proposal to be passed
Lower
Harder for a proposal to be passed
Harder for a proposal to be passed
Harder for a proposal to be passed
Constraints
Value has to be less or equal to 1
Value has to be less or equal to 1
Value has to be less or equal to 1
Sample configuration
0.15 (15%)
0.5 (50%)
0.33 (33%)
mint
Introduction
The mint module is responsible for creating token in a flexible way to reward the validator who participate in the proof of stake consensus process (see also the distribution module). It is also designed in a way to bring a balance between market liquidity and staked supply.
Overview
Network parameters
Below are all the network parameters for the mint module:
"blocks_per_year" - The expected number of blocks being produced per year;
"goal_bonded" - Goal of bonded token in percentage;
"inflation_max" - Maximum annual inflation rate;
"inflation_min" - Minimum annual inflation rate;
"inflation_rate_change" - Maximum annual change in inflation rate;
"mint_denom" - Token type being minted.
The target annual inflation rate is recalculated for each previsions cycle. The inflation is also subject to a rate change (positive or negative) depending on the distance from the desired ratio ("goal_bonded"). The maximum rate change possible is defined to be "inflation_rate_change" per year, where the annual inflation is capped as between "inflation_min" and "inflation_max".
mint module: Queries
Queries
query mint params - Query the current minting annual provisions value
We can query the current minting annual provisions value, for example:
  $ cronosd query mint annual-provisions
  109573801550200370
implies that the current minting annual provisions will be 109573801550200370 basetcro ( i.e. 1,095,738,015 cro)
query mint inflation - Query the current minting inflation value
We can query the current minting inflation value, for example:
  $ cronosd query mint inflation
  0.013687008526984104
implies that the current minting annual provisions will be 0.013687008526984104( i.e. 1.368%)
query mint annual-provisions - Query the current minting parameters
We can query the current query parameters by
$ cronosd query mint params --output json | jq
​
  {
    "mint_denom": "basetcro",
    "inflation_rate_change": "0.013000000000000000",
    "inflation_max": "0.020000000000000000",
    "inflation_min": "0.007000000000000000",
    "goal_bonded": "0.670000000000000000",
    "blocks_per_year": "6311520"
  }
Appendix
gov module: Network Parameters and configuration
The following tables show overall effects on different configurations of the mint related network parameters:
​
blocks_per_year
goal_bonded
mint_denom
Type
array (coins)
string (dec)
string
Higher
More expected blocks per year
Higher target bonding ratio
N/A
Lower
Less expected blocks per year
Lower target bonding ratio
N/A
Constraints
Value has to be a positive integer
Value has to be less or equal to 1
N/A
Sample configuration
5256000 (5,256,000 blocks)
0.66 (66%)
basetcro
​
inflation_max
inflation_min
inflation_rate_change
Type
string (dec)
string (dec)
string (dec) (dec)
Higher
Higher ceiling for the inflation rate
Higher floor for the inflation rate
Higher yearly rate of change to the inflation
Lower
Lower ceiling for the inflation rate
Lower floor for the inflation rate
Lower yearly rate of change to the inflation
Constraints
Value has to be less or equal to 1
Value has to be less or equal to 1
Value has to be less or equal to 1
Sample configuration
0.02 (2%)
0.01 (1%)
0.01 (1%)
slashing
Introduction
Validators are responsible for signing or proposing block at each consensus round. A penalty should be imposed on validators' misbehavior to reinforce this.
Specifically, slashing functionality that aims to dis-incentivize network-observable actions, such as faulty validations. The penalties may include losing some amount of their stake, losing their ability to perform the network functionality for a period of time, collect rewards etc.
Overview
Network parameters
Below are all the network parameters used to configure the behavior of validator punishments. Details of all these parameters and their effect on behavior of validator punishments is discussed later in this document.
signed_blocks_window: Number of blocks for which the liveness is calculated for uptime tracking;
min_signed_per_window: Maximum percentage of blocks with faulty/missed validations allowed for an account in last; signed_blocks_window blocks before it gets deactivated;
downtime_jail_duration: Duration for jailing;
slash_fraction_double_sign: Percentage of funds being slashed when validator makes a byzantine fault; and
slash_fraction_downtime: Percentage of funds being slashed when a validator is non-live.
Slashing mechanism
Punishments for a validator are triggered when they either make a byzantine fault or become non-live:
Liveness Faults (Low availability)
A validator is said to be non-live when they fail to sign at least min_signed_per_window blocks (in percentage) in the last signed_blocks_window blocks successfully. signed_blocks_window and min_signed_per_window are network parameters and can be configured during genesis and can be updated during runtime by the governance module.
:::tip Example: For example, if block_signing_window is 2000 blocks and min_signed_per_window is 0.5, a validator will be marked as non-live and jailed if they fail to successfully sign at least 2000*0.5=1000 blocks in last 2000 blocks. :::
Byzantine Faults
A validator is said to make a byzantine fault when they sign conflicting messages/blocks at the same height and round. Tendermint has mechanisms to publish evidence of validators that signed conflicting votes so they can be punished by the slashing module. For example:
Validator who votes for two different blocks within a single round ("Equivocation validator"/ "Double signing");
Validator who signs commit messages for arbitrary application state ( "Lunatic validator").
Remark: The evidence of a set of validators attempting to mislead a light client can also be detected and captured. However, even the Amnesia attack can be detected, punishment can not be applied at this stage, as we can not deduce the malicious validators.
:::tip Implementation note: Tendermint passes Evidence of a byzantine validator in BeginBlock request. Before jailing any account due to byzantine fault, that evidence should be verified. Also, it should be checked that evidence provided by tendermint is not older than max_age in tendermint. :::
Inactivity Slashing
It is important that the validators maintain excellent availability and network connectivity to perform their tasks. A penalty should be imposed on validators' misbehavior to reinforce this.
When a validator fails to successfully sign missed_block_threshold blocks in last block_signing_window blocks, it is immediately jailed and punished by deducting funds from their bonded and unbonded amount and removing them from active validator set. The funds to be deducted are calculated based on slash_fraction_downtime. Kindly refer to this link on the logic of the liveness tracking.
Jailing
A validator is jailed when they make liveness or Byzantine fault, when a validator is jailed, it will no longer be considered as an active validator until they are un-jailed. Futhermore, it cannot be un-jailed before downtime_jail_duration. This downtime_jail_duration is a network parameter which can be configured during genesis.
:::warning Important: When a validator is jailed because of a byzantine fault, their validator public key is added to a list of permanently banned validators and cannot re-join the network as a validator with the same public key, see staking tombstone :::
Un-jailing
When a jailed validator wishes to resume normal operations (after downtime_jail_duration has passed), they can create anunjail transaction which marks them as un-jailed. Validator will then rejoin the validator set once it has bee successful un-jailed.
Slashing for Byzantine Fault
When there is byzantine fault detected, they are immediately slashed other than jailed. The funds to be deducted are calculated based on slash_fraction_double_sign. Furthermore, validator who commit this double-signing fault will also be put into the "tombstone state", which means it will be blacklisted and jailed forever.
Transactions and Queries
Transactions
tx slashing unjail - Unjailing a validator
Validator could be punished and jailed due to network misbehaviour, for example if we check the validator set:
$ cronosd query staking validators -o json | jq
................................
    "operator_address": "ethvaloper1zwm45n5r3u3xcpsd00d3arwzhz7250rtsadv65",
    "consensus_pubkey": {
        "@type": "/cosmos.crypto.ed25519.PubKey",
        "key": "fD6cWVYv5rsNbXDw3hVIbB3nd9x57HsTyeMgwmH472U="
    },
    "jailed": false,
    "status": "BOND_STATUS_BONDED",
................................
After the jailing period has passed, one can broadcast a unjail transaction to unjail the validator and resume its normal operations by
$ cronosd tx slashing unjail --from node1 --chain-id cronostestnet_338-1
  {"body":{"messages":[{"@type":"/cosmos.slashing.v1beta1.MsgUnjail"...}]}
  confirm transaction before signing and broadcasting [y/N]: y
Queries
query slashing params - Query the current slashing parameters
We can query the current slashing parameters by
$ cronosd query slashing params --output json | jq
​
  {
    "signed_blocks_window": "2000",
    "min_signed_per_window": "0.500000000000000000",
    "downtime_jail_duration": "3600s",
    "slash_fraction_double_sign": "0.050000000000000000",
    "slash_fraction_downtime": "0.001000000000000000"
  }
Appendix
slashing module: Network Parameters and configuration
The following tables show overall effects on different configurations of the slashing related network parameters:
​
signed_blocks_window
min_signed_per_window
downtime_jail_duration
Type
string (int64)
string (dec)
string (int64)
Higher
Larger window for calculating the downtime
Higher availability is required
Longer jailing duration
Lower
Smaller window for calculating the downtime
Lower availability is required
Longer jailing duration
Constraints
Value has to be a positive integer
Value has to be positive
Value has to be a positive integer
Sample configuration
2000 (2000 blocks)
0.5 (50%)
3600s (1 hour)
​
​
slash_fraction_double_sign
slash_fraction_downtime
Type
string (dec)
string (dec)
Higher
Heavier penalty on byzantine faults
Heavier penalty on liveness faults
Lower
Lighter penalty on byzantine faults
Lighter penalty on liveness faults
Constraints
Value has to be less or equal to 1
Value has to be less or equal to 1
Sample configuration
0.001 (0.1%)
0.05 (5%)
staking
Introduction
The staking module handles Proof-of-Stake related logics, which plays a very import part to the underneath consensus protocol.
Overview
Cronos is based on Tendermint Core's consensus engine, it relies on a set of validators to participate in the proof of stake (PoS) consensus protocol, and they are responsible for committing new blocks in the blockchain.
unbonding_time: The time duration of unbonding;
max_validators: The maximum number of validator;
max_entries: The max entries for either unbonding delegation or redelegation;
historical_entries: The number of historical entries to persist; and
bond_denom: Coin denomination for staking.
Validator
Validators are responsible for signing or proposing block at each consensus round. It is important that the validators maintain excellent availability and network connectivity to perform their tasks. To incentivise the validator nodes to run the network, rewards are distributed to the validators according to their performance and amount of staked token (see distribution and mint). On the other hand, a penalty should be imposed on validators' misbehavior (see slashing).
Delegator
The staking module enables CRO owners to delegate their tokens to active validators and share part of the reward obtained by the validator during the proof of stake protocol(see distribution module). Specifically, It allows token owners to take part in the consensus process without running a validator themselves.
It is important to point out that the delegator and the validator are on the same boat: They share the reward and the risk. In particular, part of their delegated token could be slashed due to validator's misbehaviour (see slashing). Therefore, It is very important to choose a reliable validator to delegate. Kindly refer to this link for detailed specification and state transitions of delegation.
Transactions and Queries
Transactions
tx staking create-validator - Create new validator initialized with a self-delegation
First of all, we can create a validator with the create-validator transaction, for example:
$ cronosd tx staking create-validator \
--from=[name_of_your_key] \
--amount=[staking_amount] \
--pubkey='{"@type":...,"key":...}'  \
--moniker="[moniker_id_of_your_node]" \
--security-contact="[security contact email/contact method]" \
--chain-id="[chain-id]" \
--commission-rate="[commission_rate]" \
--commission-max-rate="[maximum_commission_rate]" \
--commission-max-change-rate="[maximum_rate_of_change_of_commission]" \
--min-self-delegation="[min_self_delegation_amount]"
​
## Transactions payload##
{"body":{"messages":[{"@type":"/cosmos.staking.v1beta1.MsgCreateValidator"...}
confirm transaction before signing and broadcasting [y/N]: y
tx staking delegate [validator-addr] [amount] - Delegate liquid tokens to a validator
As discussed in the delegator section, one can delegate their tokens to an active validators by:
$ cronosd tx staking delegate [validator-addr] [amount]
​
## Transactions payload##
{"body":{"messages":[{"@type":"/cosmos.staking.v1beta1.MsgDelegate"...}
tx staking unbond [validator-addr] [amount] - Unbond shares from a validator
Delegator can unbond their staked tokens by
$ cronosd tx staking unbond [validator-addr] [amount]
​
## Transactions payload##
{"body":{"messages":[{"@type":"/cosmos.staking.v1beta1.MsgUndelegate"...}
Remark: Note that funds will only be available after the unbonding_time has passed.
tx staking redelegate [src-validator-addr] [dst-validator-addr] [amount] - Redelegate illiquid tokens from one validator to another
We can also move our staked tokens from one validator to another by:
$ cronosd tx staking redelegate [src-validator-addr] [dst-validator-addr] [amount]
​
## Transactions payload##
{"body":{"messages":[{"@type":"/cosmos.staking.v1beta1.MsgBeginRedelegate"...}
Queries
We will be covering most of the commonly used queries here. Meanwhile, you can use
cronosd query staking -h
to check all the supported sub-commands.
query staking delegation [delegator-addr] [validator-addr] - Query a delegation based on address and validator address
With a given delegator address and the validator account that it is associated with, we can check the by:
$ cronosd query cronosd query staking delegation [delegator-addr] [validator-addr] --output json | jq
​
  {
    "delegation": {
      "delegator_address": "[delegator-addr]",
      "validator_address": "[validator-addr]",
      "shares": "[delegator_shares]"
    },
    "balance": {
      "denom": "basetcro",
      "amount": "[delegator_balance]"
    }
  }
query staking delegations-to [validator-addr] - Query all delegations made to one validator
We can check all the delegations made to a specific validator:
$ cronosd query staking delegations-to [validator-addr] --output json  | jq
​
  {
    "delegation_responses": [
      {
        "delegation": {
          "delegator_address": "[delegator-addr-1]",
          "validator_address": "[validator-addr]",
          "shares": "[delegator_shares]"
        },
        "balance": {
          "denom": "basetcro",
          "amount": "[delegator_balance_1]"
        }
      },
      {
        "delegation": {
          "delegator_address": "[delegator-addr-2]",
          "validator_address": "[validator-addr]",
          "shares": "[delegator_shares-2]"
        },
        "balance": {
          "denom": "basetcro",
          "amount": "[delegator_balance_2]"
        }
      }
    .......
    ],
    "pagination": {
      "next_key": null,
      "total": "0"
    }
  }
query staking pool - Query the current staking pool values
We can check the amount of bonded and unbonded amount in the staking pool:
$ cronosd query staking pool --output json | jq
​
  {
    "not_bonded_tokens": "[not_bonded_amount]",
    "bonded_tokens": "[bonded_amount]",
  }
query staking unbonding-delegation [delegator-addr] [validator-addr] - Query an unbonding-delegation record based on delegator and validator address
$ cronosd query staking unbonding-delegation [delegator-addr] [validator-addr] --output json | jq
​
  {
    "delegator_address": "[delegator-addr]",
    "validator_address": "[validator-addr]",
    "entries": [
      {
        "creation_height": "[height_of_unbonding]",
        "completion_time": "[completion_time]",
        "initial_balance": "[unbonding_initial_balance]",
        "balance": "[unbonding_balance]"
      }
    ]
  }
query staking validator [validator-addr] - Query a specific validator
We can query the details of a specific validator with its validator address (ethvaloper...) by:
$ cronosd query staking validator [validator-addr] --output json | jq
​
  {
    "operator_address": "[validator_address (ethvaloper...)]",
    // address of the validator's operator
    "consensus_pubkey": "[consensus_pubkey '{"@type":...,"key":...}']",
    // the consensus public key of the validator
    "jailed": "[jailed_or_not]",
    // if it has been jailed from bonded status?
    "status": "[validator_statuses]",
    // validator status (bonded/unbonding/unbonded)
    "tokens": "[total_tokens]",
    // total delegated tokens
    "delegator_shares": "[delegator_shares]",
    // total shares issued to a validator's delegators
    "description": {
      "moniker": "[validator_moniker_id]",
      "identity": "",
      "website": "",
      "security_contact": "[security_contact]",
      "details": ""
    },
    // description terms for the validator
    "unbonding_height": "[unbonding_height]",
    "unbonding_time": "[unbonding_time]",
    "commission": {
      "commission_rates": {
        "rate": "[commission_rates]",
        // the commission rate charged to delegators
        "max_rate": "[maximum_commission_rates]",
        // maximum commission rate which validator can ever charge
        "max_change_rate": "[maximum_rate_of_change_of_commission]"
        // maximum daily increase of the validator commission
      },
      "update_time": "[last_update_time]"
      // the last time the commission rate was changed
    },
    "min_self_delegation": "[min_self_delegation_amount]"
    // validator's self declared minimum self delegation
  }
query staking validators - Query all validators
A full list of validators and their details can be found by this query.
query staking params - Query the current staking parameters
Finally, we can query the current staking parameters by
$ cronosd query staking params --output json | jq
​
  {
    "unbonding_time": "1814400s",
    "max_validators": 100,
    "max_entries": 7,
    "historical_entries": 100,
    "bond_denom": "basetcro"
  }
Appendix
staking module: Network Parameters Configuration
The following tables show overall effects on different configurations of the staking related network parameters:
​
bond_denom
historical_entries
max_entries
Type
string
uint16
uint16
Higher
N/A
More historical entries to persist
More entries for either unbonding delegation or redelegation
Lower
N/A
Less historical entries to persist
Fewer entries for either unbonding delegation or redelegation
Constraints
N/A
Value has to be positive
Value has to be a positive
Sample configuration
basetcro
100 (50%)
7
​
​
max_validators
unbonding_time
Type
uint16
string
Higher
More active validators
Longer waiting period for unbonding
Lower
Fewer active validators
Shorter waiting period for unbonding
Constraints
Value has to be less or equal to 1
Positive value in seconds
Sample configuration
100 (maximum 100 active validator)
"1814400s" (3 weeks)
ABOUT CRONOS - Previous
Genesis
module_bank
Last modified 18d ago